Put in more pedestrian terms, external validity is the degree to which the conclusions in your study would hold for other persons in other places and at other times. External validity refers to the extent to which the conclusions from your research study can be generalized to the people outside of your study. Two key types of external validity are: Temporal validity – this is high when research findings successfully apply across time (certain variables in the past may no longer be relevant now or in the future). The type of studyyou choose reflects the priorities of your research. External Validity. An index of how well a test or procedure in fact measures what it purports to measure; an objective index by which to describe how valid a test or procedure is. External Validity refers to the type where there is a causal relationship between the cause and the effect. External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other settings (ecological validity), other people (population validity) and over time (historical validity). The term “external validity” was coined by Campbell and Stanley (1966) and in a detailed analysis of the problem Cook and Campbell (1979) argue that “all of the threats to external validity [can be represented] in terms of statistical interaction effects” (Cook and Campbell 1979, 73). Meaning of external validity. In other words, this type of validity refers to how generalizable the findings are. Definition of External Validity The term external validity implies the determination of whether the casual relationship observed in the study can be generalized or not. This section covers external validity. External validity of Research: Definition External validity is an extent up to which results of a study are applicable in other settings. A solution to this trade-off is to conduct the research first in a controlled (artificial) environment to establish the existence of a causal relationship, followed by a field experiment to analyze if the results hold in the real world. In other words, it is about whether findings can be validly generalized. While external validity deals with the ability of experimental results to generalize to the “real-world” population, ecological validity is possessed when the experimental procedures resemble real-world conditions. To ensure the validity of the tools or tests you use, you also have to consider measurement validity. Therefore, assuring the external validity and the generalizability of the findings should be one of the primary goals of the survey researcher. Psychology Definition of EXTERNAL VALIDITY: The extent that research can be generalized beyond the results to other situations or people. A clearly specified research question should lead to a definition of study aim and objectives that set out the construct and how it will be measured. A clearly specified research question should lead to a definition of study aim and objectives that set out the construct and how it will be measured. definition of internal validity and a definition of external validity: Internal Validity Definition: An experiment has internal validity if the effect on the dependent variable can be clearly attributed to the independent variable. The results section below includes the four phases of psychometric testing used to assess the inter-rater reliability, goodness of fit, internal consistency, and, However, the deeper essence of criticisms such as Levitt and List (2007) is the, Only variables with statistically significant differences were considered as predictor candidates--reliability reporting, threats to internal validity, threats to, were study participants recruited in an appropriate way? 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