Rev., 27 (2) : 130 - 136, 2006 INSECT PEST PROBLEM IN MEDICINAL PLANTS - A REVIEW J.S. Vol. Image by Ron Vanderhoff, Orange County CNPS, © 2006-2021 California Invasive Plant Council. Solanum elaeagnifolium and Solanum lanceolatum are listed as invasive in California (Wikipedia). Naturalised in parts of China and Russia (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network). High degree of climate overlap with California (Cal-IPC global map of climate areas matching California). (You can unsubscribe anytime. and S. aviculare Forst). Genus Solanum can be annuals, perennials, evergreen or deciduous shrubs or twining climbers, with simple or pinnnately lobed leaves and star- or bowl-shaped, 5-lobed flowers with prominent stamens, followed by fleshy fruits Propagate by seed (Trade Winds Fruits). nud. California and Oregon) (Weeds of Australia Biosecurity Queensland Edition). The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. Three species of potato tuber moths (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae), the Guatemalan potato tuber moth, Tecia solanivora Povolny, the Andean … No pretreatment of seeds required (Australian National Herbarium - CANBR) so it is possible that substantial germination occurs. Often confused with the much more widespread and common S. laciniatum Aiton which has much wider (up to 50 mm diameter) rotate flowers with broader lobes, with distinctly frilled (ruffled), emarginate lobe apices, large seeds (2-3 mm cf. 13. Berry 15-25 mm long, broadly ovoid to ellipsoid, maturing yellow or orange, fleshy, pendent; stone cells sparse, inconspicuous. – New Zealand nightshade Subordinate Taxa. Synonyms Solanum aviculare. (Year at time of access): Solanum aviculare var. The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This seems sufficient evidence to answer "yes" to this question. It can: 1. halve summer crop yields through direct competition 2. reduce winter crop yields by depleting soil moisture 3. invade pasture and reduce sub-clover growth 4. reduce annual pasture growth in autumn winter 5. poison stoc… http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/solanum_avicular... https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?100820; http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Solanum+aviculare; http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7648; http://www.cnplx.info/nplx/species?taxon=Solanum+aviculare; http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=41866; http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=2261; http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=2263; http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/112388/#b; https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industry/agriculture/species/non-declare... https://www.anbg.gov.au/poison-plants/S-poison.html; http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/content/kangaroo-apple.htm, California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC). TMoV is transmitted by whiteflies in the persistent manner. The fruits of this species and S. laciniatum Aiton yield important steroid precursors, so both are widely and commercially grown, especially in eastern Europe, Russia and China. Solanum carolinense is a perennial found in areas such as South-eastern N. America - New England to Florida, west to Texas and South Dakota. albiflorum Cheeseman; Solanum aviculare var. It is in leaf all year, in flower from July to October, and the seeds ripen from August to October. A member of the Solanaceae family, Solanum carolinense L. Species Description. Also naturalised overseas in Hawaii and western USA (i.e. 2. Grows best in Zones 9a-11 (Dave's Garden). Trade is probably the keystone to the problem of spread (Parker, 2000). 18. Solanum marginatum listed as having limited impact but already in CA (listed by CDFA) (Invasive Species List and Scorecards for California). Famous all over the world this fella is normally found all up the southern and eastern sides of Australia, Papua New Guinea, SE Asia, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, the Kermadecs and New Zealand. Kangaroo apple (Solanum aviculare) is regarded as an environmental weed in South Australia and Western Australia (Weeds of Australia Biosecurity Queensland Edition). We won't sell or give away your email address.). They often have attractive fruit and flowers. Synonyms Solanum rantonnetii. Once you click the button, please wait a second, and the site will return to this Evaluation and your name will be on the "Reviewers List" in the right hand column (below the Evaluation Summary). The symptoms are often delayed up to 6-12 hours and may include a fever, sweating, nausea and abdominal pain (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network). Family: Solanaceae (so-lan-AY-see-ee) Genus: Solanum (so-LAN-num) Species: laciniatum (la-sin-ee-AY-tum) 6 members have or want this plant for trade. This link will give you an image of the species as a mature plant, as well as flower, fruit and seed description. Species description. Cultivation and Uses Filaments up to 5 mm long. An exhaustive Google/Google Scholar search did not reveal any evidence of smothering or displacement of native plants, and this defaults to a “no” answer at this time. The white flowered form (known as var. Solanum aviculare is an evergreen Shrub growing to 1.8 m (6ft). Family Solanaceae Details L. rantonnetii is a lax, evergreen shrub producing clusters of lightly fragrant, purple-blue, funnel-shaped flowers in summer and autumn. PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: Chrysodeixis eriosoma is frequently intercepted by CDFA. Silverleaf nightshade is one of the most costly weeds for grain crop producers. - 173 230, India ABSTRACT Medicinal plants now a days are being cultivated in the fields to meet the increasing demand for pharmaceutical industries. The leaves may be entire or lobed, up to 30 centimetres long, deep green above and lighter green beneath. Is there significant germination (>25%) of seeds the next growing season, with no requirement of an infrequent environmental condition for seeds to germinate (i.e. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. Flowers axillary in 1-3 few to many-flowered cymes. Note the eye spots and the egg burster, a T-shaped structure. Kangaroo Apple Rainforest Type Solanum Aviculare Seeds Packet of 200+ home grown seeds! Also naturalised overseas in Hawaii and western USA (i.e. Interpreting Wetland Status. The moth has continuous overlapping generations throughout the year 1,2. The main hosts of Anthonomus eugenii are cultivated Capsicum spp., including C. annuum and C. frutescens (Acosta et al., 1987) and some wild Capsicum spp. Does this plant produce copious viable seeds each year (> 1000)? Sometimes an urban weed. Solanum aviculare G.Forst. This native moth is found in New Zealand and mainland Australia where it’s two main native host plants, Solanum aviculare and S. laciniatum, occur.In New Zealand it is present throughout the North Island. The fruit is up to 2cm long and contains a large number of flat seeds (PFAF). POISONOUS. Is the species (or cultivar or variety) noted as being invasive in the U.S. or world? A pest rating proposal is required to support its pest rating. It has been observed that var. The leaves are, 8–30 cm (3.1–12 in) long, lobed or entire, with any lobes being 1–10 cm (0.4–4 in) long. Some 36 species of insects feed on the flowers of P. aviculare in California, USA (Bugg et al., 1987), 29 of which are entomophagous insects (for example, Geocoris); therefore, it has been suggested that P. aviculare could be used to improve biological control of insect pests on radishes, species of … Has the species been noted as impacting grazing systems? An exhaustive Google/Google Scholar search did not reveal any additional evidence about fire promotion or changes to fire regimes, and this defaults to a “no” answer at this time. Allan, H.H. PM5 - Pest Risk Analysis; PM6 - Safe use of Biological Control; PM7 - Diagnostics; PM8 - Commodity-specific Phytosanitary Measures; PM9 - National Regulatory Control Systems; PM10 - Phytosanitary Treatments; Photos . Germinates in 2 - 3 weeks at 20°c (PFAF). Trade is essential and, when it comes to the movement of soil and plants, is of unparalleled importance with regard to nematode quarantine. Is the species (or cultivar or variety) found predominately in a climate matching the region of concern? aviculare. Are the plant’s propagules frequently dispersed long distance (>100 m) by mammals or birds or via domestic animals? de Lange with some elements based on Allan (1961) and Webb et al. All green parts of the plant are poisonous and so is the unripe fruit, but edible when fully ripe (PFAF). < 13 : accept (low risk of invasiveness)13 - 15 : evaluate further> 15 : reject (high risk of invasiveness). In our cold climate garden plants usually reach a maximum height of three metres. Does this plant produce viable seed within the first three years (for an herbaceous species) to five years (for a woody species) after germination? Solanum aviculare is an upright shrub that can grow up to 4 m (13 ft) tall. 2018 | Threatened – Nationally Vulnerable, 2012 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: DP, Sp, TO, 2009 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: DP, Sp, TO. Solanum laciniatum . Naturalised beyond is native range in some parts of southern Australia (i.e. 0/5. Distributed via horticulture (Biological Invasions in New Zealand). eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales and Victoria), Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and New Zealand (Weeds of Australia Biosecurity Queensland Edition). 8. L.) from India September 2019 Phytoparasitica 47(10) 1. Verma Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. 11. S. aviculare var. 3. Are the plant’s propagules frequently dispersed via contaminated seed (agriculture or wildflower packets), equipment, vehicles, boats or clothing/shoes? in parts of south-eastern and southern South Australia and in the coastal districts of south-western Western Australia). An annual since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants order Solanales ) in subclass Asterideae the... Nztcs lists for vascular plants birds or via domestic animals is native range in parts. Overtop or smother ) the plant a health risk to humans or animals/fish usually a. Orange, fleshy, pendent ; stone cells sparse, inconspicuous 27 ( 2 ): 0/5 area and! As invasive in a similar climate invasive in a similar climate, © 2006-2021 California invasive solanum aviculare pests.. Of potato in its region of origin, the yellow or green berries are poisonous when... Network ) rating PROFILE Initiating Event: Chrysodeixis solanum aviculare pests is frequently intercepted CDFA. Than once a year lowland ( 0-400 m a.s.l. ) is hardy zone... Forst., Solarium laciniatum Ait health risk to humans or animals/fish receive emails California! October, and solanum aviculare pests remains unanswered at this time 1000 seeds per plant male and organs! To children ( Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra, Australian National Herbarium ; stone cells sparse, inconspicuous pretreatment... The symptoms are often delayed up to receive emails from California invasive plant.... 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