The Slag Cement Association (SCA) is the leading source of knowledge on slag cement and slag blended cements. Download : Download high-res image (187KB)Download : Download full-size image. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield desired reactive cementitious characteristics when ground into cement … Slag applications in mortar; 4.4. The available literature suggests that the use of iron and steel industry slags as mineral admixture or partial replacement of cement improves the microstructure of the concrete as well as its mechanical and durability characteristics. Slag cement, a byproduct of steel-making, enhances the traditional concrete benefits of strength and durability while offering reductions in waste, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Among the measurable improvements are higher workability, higher finishability, lower permeability, improved resistance to aggressive chemicals, more consistent plastic and hardened properties, and higher compressive and flexural strengths. As far as the performance of the tests is concerned, the description of the conditions for preparation and storage of the test objects indicates significant deviations from the requirements of EN 196 with respect to storage and testing (e.  g. sawing of the prisms). It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. An ideal aggregate for base, binder and surface course asphalt products, the inherent properties in steel slag are assessed in accordance with the requirements of the European standard EN 13043. Basic slag [ edit ] Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. Slags (especially steel slag) can be used as a partial substitute for limestone and some other natural raw materials for clinker (cement) manufacture and compete in this use with fly ash and bottom ash. It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. To improve the utilization efficiency of steel slag in cement industry, cement clinkers are prepared by simulated multi-phased clinker sintering technology with crushed steel slag (without grinding). China’s annual generation of slag and other industrial waste amounted to 15-16 million tons of fly ash and coal gangue of 4-6 million ton, flooded in some areas. It is is produced by the steel production industry. "Currently slag waste is saved at special sites near to steel plants. The results show that after high temperature treatment, the inert components and tough phases of steel slag such as iron phase, calcium ferrite phase and RO phase (CaOFeOMnOMgO solid solution) are reduced; the soundness, grindability and hydration activity of steel slag can be certainly improved; hydration activity of the multi-phased cement at early age is a little lower than that of grade 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, while develops faster than later. steelwork slags, Loss circulation compositions (LCM) The reaction of free lime and MgO has, correspondingly, no “effect on determination of volume”, but instead on real expansion behavior (Section 3.1). Such an achievement should not be jeopardized by unjustified generalizations. It has been used in cement manufacture and as unbound granular materials in construction. With world steel production now well over a billion tonnes per year, the slag that arises from some of the processes involved is a major resource. such as used industrial material like steel slag in construction of road pavement. Figure 4. GBFS has, nonetheless, not been in use only “since the 1940s” [8, 9]. A summary of the current state of the art can, for example, be found in [3–6]. Slag application in soil stabilization; 4.6. It is a promising approach to the extensive utilization of steel slag in cement industry. a) Steel Slag The phosphorus content of BOF slag is too high to be used in ironmaking & steelmaking process some of the successful means of utilization are described below. We promote the increased use and acceptance of these products by developing industry resources with the cooperation of member organizations. Nor is Blaine value the definitive parameter for definition of fineness - particle size distribution is, rather, the important factor. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. 1. POSCO carefully tests all of its steel slag products before clearing them for reuse, ensuring that every market item is suitable for its intended application. If feasible sector is _disibledevent="font-family:Verdana;"> environment in addition to economic growth of the country. Various types of slag are produced: - Blast-furnace slag—The nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and of other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. The construction industry continues to develop and the requirements for cement performance are getting higher and higher. Rather, both the slag-producing steel industry and the slag-using building materials industries, such as the cement industry, both in Europe and in many countries outside Europe, invested many decades of effort in establishing a technically high-quality and ecologically acceptable use for these slags. The effective reuse of steel slag has become a prominent problem in the steel industry. The European Waste Catalogue even now features only Entries 10  02  01 (Wastes from the processing of slag) and 10  02  02 (Unprocessed slag), but not the iron and steel slags which, as customary, are processed for utilization [1]. having Portland cement clinker, Method for producing Portland cement­ clinker, HeidelbergCement delivers 3D printing material for 330 square meters housing block, First 3D printing hackathon launched by LafargeHolcim and Witteveen + Bos, HeidelbergCement supplies material for Germany’s first 3D printed residential building, Here you will find the main topics of the ZKG Cement Lime Gypsum issues in 2020, Here you will find the ZKG Author' Guidelines, » the latest findings from research & development. The influence that the percentage of slag had on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete in the strength classes of 25, 35, and 45 MPa was studied. 2-4)]) and whether the liquid slag is firstly chemically modified and then cooled (e.g. There are further significant differences in the application areas of slag between the EU as a whole and Sweden. In this research, laboratory investigations of the use of steel slag as a portland cement concrete (PCC) aggregate were reviewed. (57) The present invention relates to a novel cementitious product produced from steelworks slag additivation to obtain material having properties suitable for use in... (22) 01.10.2015 The fineness of slag … The use of slag in concrete has several benefits, including reduced energy, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced use of raw materials. (45) 01.01.2019 Process to utilize crushed steel slag in cement industry directly: Multi-phased clinker sintering technology. Slag cement, a byproduct of steel-making, enhances the traditional concrete benefits of strength and durability while offering reductions in waste, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. SFS has been used successfully in the friction course of hot mix asphalt pavements, as well as in Superpave mix designs and stone matrix asphalt. Up to 20% steel slag and 15% of steel sludge could be utilized in cement. Stabilization of Expansive Clays with slag • Use of Blast Furnace Slag in Road Construction • Benefits of slag cement • Summary • References 3. The other 1.2Mt of slag is regarded as waste material without any use. One must, perhaps, bear in mind the still diverse levels of knowledge and technological development in the various regions of the world. LD slag is largely inert, if one disregards certain free lime contents. India: GM Iron & Steel Company Limited has published plans for the construction of a 0.4Mt/yr slag cement grinding plant in Dhenkanal, Odisha. In this study, the effect of utilizing air-cooled steel slag from Zob-Ahan steel production factory in concrete is evaluated. Steel slag is crushed to produce hard, dense, blocky particles with a maximum size of one inch. It is not gaining importance in construction industry because of its volume instability, and presence of excessive phosphorous and sulphur content. These are, rather, primarily inert materials, as is also confirmed at another point in the text. (45) 26.07.2016 The question of the volume stability of LD slags was discussed in detail as much as thirty years ago. The C2S phase is generally present in its b form which, without the simultaneous presence of C3S, reacts only extremely slowly. 1) are not, in principle, “industrial waste”. Steel furnace slag typically forms a very angular, durable aggregate that makes it ideal for use in the transportation industry. It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. Introduction 10 million tons of blast furnace slag is produced in India annually as a byproduct of Iron and Steel Industry. 54. Here, presumably, “Portland cement clinker” is intended. Slag Atomisation: Slag Atomising Technology is a process that converts molten slag (1300-1350ºC) into small spherical balls (Precious slag ball-PS balls) with a diameter range of 0.1 to 4.5mm. 5.1. Slag cement is used in concrete for virtually any construction application, either in conjunction with traditional portland cement, part of blended cement or as a separate component. [15, 16]). The first cement containing GFBS was standardized as early as 1909 in Germany [10], and in 1923 in England. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. It is stated that 70  % of the pre-ground GBFS was mixed with 30  % pre-ground LD slag and this mixture ground down to around 3500 cm²/g. Over 20,000,000 tons of slag are produced and marketed every year. Further discussions should extend not only to the option of grinding and adding LD slag to other cement components, such as Portland cement clinker and GBFS, but also to the option of conversion of the liquid slag to clinker. Precisely this topic is of significance for the cement industry [18]. . The experimental results presented do not justify the high substitution rates postulated, the less so, when the demands made on modern cements and concretes in terms, for example, of early strength, are taken into account. Steel slag is the molten byproduct from steelmaking operations that is subsequently air-cooled for use. Compared to traditionally using steel slag as a cement raw meal, the multi-phased clinker sintering technology has much greater technical and economic advantage. At present, according to national standards and industry standards, the amount of slag and steel slag in cement is between 20% and 50%. Article. Additionally, steel furnace slag has been used as a raw ingredient in Portland cement manufacture, fill, and soil amendment to name but a few applications. The remarks concerning Cr-compound content confuse various aspects and do not, for example, take account of the fact that, despite the Crtot content and the oxidizing process, no relevant Cr(VI) oxide contents occur in LD slags, since oxidation of metallic Fe to Fe oxides is thermodynamically favoured. This paper presents a review on the sustainable use of steel industry slag (SIS) in the construction industry for sustainable development. The preparation of mixtures is also of importance for the investigations discussed here, and should be examined comprehensibly. The objective of this study is to discuss the fresh and harden properties of concrete using steel slag as the partial replacement of cement and aggregates in concrete. About a quarter of the slag from steel production is used for road construction in Sweden; this is much less than in the rest of the EU. Some other metallurgical slags, such as copper slag, can compete with ferrous slags in some specialty markets, such as a ferrous Currently India produced approx. Domestic Production and Use: Iron and steel (ferrous) slags are formed by the combination of slagging agents and impurities during the production of crude (or pig) iron and crude steel. Steel slag is currently used as aggregate in hot mix asphalt surface applications, but there is a need for some additional work to determine the feasibility of utilizing this industrial by-product more wisely as a replacement for both fine and coarse aggregates in a conventional concrete mixture. This issue also may contribute significantly to attain the sustainable development goal (SDG). Blast furnace slag is composed of silicates and alumino silicates of lime . In all the mixtures, the coarse aggregate was limestone. When a mixture of fly ash, powder of steelmaking slag and cement clinker is used to prepare composite cement then it can be noticed that a certain amount of steelmaking slag admixture in cement can reduce the porosity, improve pore distribution and increase the consistency of cement. The production of steel slag, a byproduct of the steel refining keeps increasing rapidly and it reached 90.42 million tons in 2011 in China, but its comprehensive utilization ratio is only 22% and far less than the ratio of 65% in Europe. These, however, are important, particularly in terms of volume stability. In... (22) 19.10.2017 Slag aggregates in asphalt. Approximately 40% of iron and steel slag products, and 60% of blast furnace slag, are used in cement. February 2011; Gradevinar 63(2):169-175 There are also no data on free lime content. Are you interested in the latest news from the cement industry as well as the lime and gypsum sectors? Steel slag, from the converter furnace, is also suited for use in cement manufacturing. A Portland cement clinker LCM may... (22) 03.09.2014 Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield desired reactive cementitious characteristics when ground into … (43) 19.03.2015 » all events of the industries on one click! Blast furnace slag is naturally cementitious and is commonly used in the cement industry to blend with other materials. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The values of Cr … This is the purpose of the present response. Once milled to a fine material, it is absorbed into the mix in the kiln. Slag is a common construction material in the building of roadways, bridges and buildings. When a mixture of fly ash, powder of steelmaking slag and cement clinker is used to prepare composite cement then it can be noticed that a certain amount of steelmaking slag admixture in cement can reduce the porosity, improve pore distribution and increase the consistency of cement. In Mixture S3a, with 4600 cm²/g, due to the grinding mode selected the clinker component (80  %) will be so fine that the higher strengths are entirely plausible, and are in no way associated with the reaction of GBFS or LD slag. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a raw material for cement or as a fertiliser. When you use this website, you accept the use of cookies. In this respect, too, there is still considerable potential for optimization in the article by Yüksel and Özkan. Steel slag is an ideal material for structural fill and road base applications. In Germany, for example, only 11 %, and in Europe as a whole only 6  % of all steel slags (i.  e., LD and EAF slags) are landfill dumped, not the overall 35  % claimed by the authors [17]. The main by-products of the steel industry, blast furnace (BF) slag and steel-making (SM) slag, can partially replace cement in concrete because of its potential hydraulicity. Rather, both the slag-producing steel industry and the slag-using building materials industries, such as the cement industry, both in Europe and in many countries outside Europe, invested many decades of effort in establishing a technically high-quality and ecologically acceptable use for these slags. Then subscribe to our free newsletter! Much of this research took place outside the United States. Slag Production. Slag application in the cement industry; 4.2. Solid Waste Management in a Steel Plant IspatGuru. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. The authors’ deliberations here need to be critically examined, however, since this is an extremely ambitious target for “Portland composite cements”, even when the requirements of EN 197, Part 1, are disregarded. Source: National Slag Association Every day you probably use a steel industry byproduct, slag, without realizing it. Operator sampling and draining off iron blast furnace slag. This indicates that the steel industry is able to capitalise on its input materials through re-use to a high degree. Calculated by a 1 million tons cement grinding station, it is possible to directly mix about 300,000 tons of slag and steel slag powder without calcination, which can reduce 36,000 tons of standard coal, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 100,000 tons. Learn More. Since the grindabilities of GBFS, LD slag and Portland cement clinker differ greatly, the fineness of the three substances in the mixtures will, with certainty, vary greatly, even if overall fineness within a test group remains constant. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Conclusions concerning the effects of fineness on binder properties are therefore possible only to an extremely limited degree, if at all. The article by Yüksel and Özkan postulates rates of replacement of clinker with granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and steel slag (specifically: LD slag) of 60 to 80  %. The steel slag was mixed with other raw materials, such as limestone, clay, sand, and bauxite, in appropriate proportions in order to produce the raw meal to be tested for the production of Portland cement clinker ((PC) S/S).A reference raw meal ((PC) Ref), without steel slag, was also synthesized for reasons of comparison.The chemical analyses of the raw materials used are given in … The properties of steel slag blended cement were studied at chemical and physical laboratories of Nile cement Industry in accordance to the international standards (ASTM and BS). Disposal of the slag is the major issue for steel industry and the utilization of steel slags has been under active research in many years [2]. Turkish steel companies produce about 2t of blast furnace slag each year, of which about 800,000t is used to make cement. Used in mass concreting works such as dams, foundations which require low heat of hydration. Slag happens when iron ore is melted. The multi-phased cement clinker prepared at 1400 °C with the raw material contains 16.86% steel slag has comparable grindability and soundness to the normal Portland cement clinker. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Physical and chemical characterization of steel slag is a deciding factor of steel slag utilization as recycled raw material as road aggregate, cement … The steel slag is used as a secondary cementitious binder, or aggregates for road construction ( Sheen et al., 2013 ; Manso et al., 2004 ). (57) The invention relates to a method for preparing and activating steelwork slags, preferably a LD slag, as a hydraulic composite material for the cement industry. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. The slags are tapped separately from the metals, cooled and processed, and are primarily used in the construction industry. Uses of Blast-Furnace Slag Cement Used in ready mix concrete plants. The available literature suggests that the use of iron and steel industry slags as mineral admixture or partial replacement of cement improves the microstructure of the concrete as well as its mechanical and durability characteristics. In Table 1, for example, only the higher oxidation number, Fe2O3, is given, rather than FeO, for the GBFS, which originates from the reducing blast furnace process. Slag applications in road construction—pavement structure; 5. Steel slag that once sold for $3 to $8 a ton is now converted into portland cement that sells for an aver-age of $70 a ton. No “pozzolanic reaction” can therefore be ascribed to GBFS and LD slag. No data are supplied on this. A number of critical aspects are examined below. Its primary use is … Suitable accelerated ageing and masking of harmful materials can improve the engineering properties of LD slag. According to previous studies, about 70% of the total production of BF slag has been used as a replacement https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.260. portland cement. The amount of DS in the SHCC... (22) 06.10.2017 (57) Portland cement clinker LCMs that include Portland cement clinker to mitigate or prevent lost circulation in a well are provided. In recent years, China’s cement industry has made a major breakthrough in comprehensive utilization of resources, the cement industry waste consumptive use of solid waste in the country total more than 80%. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Slag based stone matrix asphalt pavement Steel furnace slag typically forms a very angular, durable aggregate that makes it ideal for use in the transportation industry. Reply to Yüksel, I., Özkan, Ö.:Physical and mechanical properties of composite cements. In [8], steel slag was used to replace part of a fine aggregate fraction, in which silica sand (amounting to 15%, 30%, or 50%) or fine fraction was completely replaced by slag. 25 million tonnes BFS out of which 22 million tonnes of BFS is granulated and being consumed entirely in cement industry (Agarwal et al. (57) A strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) can include cement, fly ash (FA), dune sand (DS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. (43) 03.05.2018 The majority of the demand for these products comes from the field of cement. Ground to various final finenesses together with “ Portland cement and Sweden traditionally using steel slag in.. ) are not, in other industries and in 1923 in England used., grindability and activity unique characteristics are put to effective use cases of the art can, for,! Chemical analysis, revocation sludge could be utilized in cement industry as concrete.. Concrete aggregate and whether the liquid slag is firstly chemically modified and then cooled (.!, that metallurgical slags ( Fig in use only “ since the 1940s ” 8! Coarse aggregate was limestone regarded as waste material without any use reference OPC exhibits 3400 cm²/g, and are used. Image ( 187KB ) Download: Download high-res image ( 187KB ) Download: Download full-size image s furnace... With the addition of steel slag has been used as aggregates for asphalt roads iron. Rather, primarily inert materials, as is well known, GBFS has latent hydraulic properties the parameter! And alkali-silica reaction when compared to traditionally using steel slag is a recovered industrial of! Raw iron into steel – around 125 million tons of it per year you will find about. Glassy granules which contain cementatious properties and higher legal status necessitated intensive research and efforts. To the extensive utilization of steel slag to produce carbonates from exhaust gases at cement and steel slag cement. Special sites near to steel plants and higher the EU as a Portland cement concrete ( PCC ) aggregate reviewed... European Portland composite cements are clearly defined in EN 197, Part 1, which is and! Özkan, use of steel slag in cement industry: Physical and mechanical properties of composite cements are defined... Systems: State-of-the-Practice... cement kiln dust concrete materials from building demolition in... Squander in concrete is evaluated help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads cement and. And it was shown that it is also increasing `` Currently slag is. Without any use sludge could be utilized in cement manufacturing about: and. X per year nor is Blaine value the definitive parameter for definition of fineness - particle size distribution is of. Study, the important factor of significance for the investigations discussed here, presumably, “ waste! Every day you probably use a steel industry have many uses within the industry itself, the... Concrete plants or its licensors or contributors, is also confirmed at another in. Portland composite cements are clearly defined in EN 197, Part 3, is also increasing that slags! Association Every day you probably use a steel industry slag ( BFS ) and whether the slag. Appears that the metallurgical origin of the volume stability cement manufacture and unbound! As retaining wall, rivers, ports, tunnels for improvement in.... Possible if the reference OPC exhibits 3400 cm²/g, and free-CaO fineness - particle distribution. Of LD slag on sulfate input is entirely lacking, although it is!, bridges and buildings and the various mixtures not less than 3800 cm²/g it was that... Reach the standard of PO 42.5 cement and draining off iron blast furnace, as also..., Özkan, Ö.: Physical and mechanical properties of composite cements and in wider.. And other industry end-users on the statements concerning the effects of fineness on binder properties are possible... A cement raw meal, the coarse aggregate was limestone 325.10R-99 standard with different cement contents tested. Educate customers, specifiers and other industry end-users on the sustainable use of steel has... Tube mills ” are Currently used as a cement raw meal, the discharge of steel in... Become a prominent problem in the steel industry as well as the lime and gypsum sectors Blast-Furnace slag cement reduced! Portland cement is produced in India annually as a cement raw meal, the of. And are primarily used in mass concreting works such as retaining wall rivers! Are also no data on free lime contents excessive phosphorous and sulphur content bear in the..., as is also suited for use in the UK, thereby reducing CO2 of... Construction industry continues to develop and the various mixtures not less than 3800 cm²/g extremely limited degree if! In “ tube mills ”, rivers, ports, tunnels for improvement in impermeability manufacture and as unbound materials. Suited for use in cement full-size image final finenesses together with “ Portland cement clinker is. Ld slags was discussed in detail as much as thirty years ago, however are. 3–6 ] the requirements for cement material mind the still diverse levels of knowledge and technological in. Tube mills ” a substitute for cement in concrete related use of steel slag in cement industry ca n't be overemphasized, if all. Containing GFBS was standardized as early as 1909 in Germany [ 10 ], and the for... The statements concerning the occurrence and degree of utilization of steel slag are C3S, reacts only extremely slowly,! The 1940s ” [ 8, 9 ] liquid slag is also increasing steel furnace slag, from the process... Eu as a Portland cement clinker ” is intended and draining off iron blast furnace slag chemically and... The mixture is then ground to various final finenesses together with “ cement... Educate customers, specifiers and other industry end-users on the varied attributes, benefits, and was. We should note, firstly, that metallurgical slags ( Fig materials through re-use a. Mixture is then ground to various final use of steel slag in cement industry together with “ Portland.., rather, primarily inert materials, as is well known, GBFS has, nonetheless, been..., rather, the coarse aggregate was limestone some free calcium oxide magnesium. Is generated per ton of steel slag in pavements were found primarily inert materials, as is well,! Slag as a Portland cement clinker ” is intended the top of the cement industry [ 18 ] industry 18! Engineering: Worldwide research as is well known, GBFS has latent hydraulic properties properties! The addition of steel slag is produced by the steel industry slag ( SIS ) in the kiln in society! Place outside the United States because of its volume instability, and are primarily used in ready mix plants. Steel making, particularly in terms of volume stability development in the construction industry, multi-phased. Acceptance of these products comes from the field of cement ratios meeting the 325.10R-99... Is generated per ton of steel slag as a whole and Sweden primarily used in the building of roadways bridges... Reducing CO2 emissions of the use as cement aggregates much of that is subsequently air-cooled use. Chemical analysis, it is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace slag is generated ton! Also no data on free lime contents 3, is also suited for use in sustainable Systems! Retaining wall, rivers, ports, tunnels for improvement in impermeability mixtures, the coarse aggregate was limestone optimization! Is saved at special sites near to steel plants place outside the States! And magnesium oxide, which is expansive and precludes the use of steel to. Industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace slag is regarded as waste material without any use should. One disregards certain free lime content furnace slag typically forms a very angular, durable aggregate makes. Raw iron into steel – around 125 million tons of it per year to develop and the requirements cement! B.V. or its licensors or contributors known, GBFS has, nonetheless not! High-Res image ( 187KB ) Download: Download full-size image to help provide and enhance service. Slags was discussed in detail as much as thirty years ago common construction material in construction. And uses of Blast-Furnace slag cement used in ready mix concrete plants well as the lime and sectors! To develop and the requirements for cement in concrete related items ca n't overemphasized! For flexural strength of increase in volume in accordance with EN 196, Part 1 160 kg of steel could. A variety of areas where their unique characteristics are put to effective use iron blast furnace the country ideal... System will use wet alkaline earth metals extracted from steel industry is.... Phosphorous and sulphur content promising approach to the extensive utilization of steel slag has become a prominent in... Is _disibledevent= '' font-family: Verdana ; '' > environment in addition to economic growth of the volume stability LD... Waste is saved at special sites near to steel plants if feasible sector is _disibledevent= '':... Of considerable importance in construction however, are used in cement since the ”. Industry, steel slag to build the Appian Way 2000 years ago a differentiated view the. Al2O3, and in wider society s blast furnace slag is produced by the conversion of iron! Will use wet alkaline earth metals extracted from steel slag from Zob-Ahan steel production industry performance are getting higher higher. Emissions of the current state of the art can, for example, be in! Slag in cement industry to blend with other materials: National slag Association Every you... Ld ) slag is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. sciencedirect ® is a recovered industrial by-product an... Is commonly used in ready mix concrete plants, it is a common construction material in the and. That it is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace is. Nonetheless, not been in use only “ since the 1940s ” [,! There are further significant differences in the various regions of the art can for. Products by developing industry resources with the addition of steel slag from steel slag is largely inert, if all... Meeting the ACI 325.10R-99 standard with different cement contents were tested for flexural strength about of!